[DOWNLOAD] ~ Caught Between Different Worlds: How Transgendered Women May be "Forced" Into Risky Sex. ~ by The Journal of Sex Research ~ eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Caught Between Different Worlds: How Transgendered Women May be "Forced" Into Risky Sex.
- Author : The Journal of Sex Research
- Release Date : January 01, 2007
- Genre: Health & Fitness,Books,Health, Mind & Body,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 212 KB
Description
Evidence suggests that HIV incidence among transgendered women (biological males who have adopted the gender-role identity of a woman) is exceptionally high (Clements-Noelle, Marx Guzman, & Katz, 2001; Elifson et al., 1993; Kellog, Clements-Noelle, Diley, Katz, & McFarland, 2001; Kenagy, 2002; Nemoto, Operario, Keatley, Han,& Soma, 2004). Incidence may be greatest among African American transgendered women (Clements-Noelle, Marx Guzman, & Katz, 200; Nemoto et al., 2004). For example, in a study of nearly 400 transgendered women, the overall prevalence of HIV was 35%, with the African Americans being nearly six times more likely than their White counterparts to be infected (Clements-Noelle et al., 2001). Clearly, transgendered women are a marginalized population in the United States. The associated stigma and loss of economic opportunity may place many transgendered women in circumstances that lead to commercial sex work (Bockting, Robinson, & Rosser, 1998; Elifson et al., 1993; Nemoto, Operario, Keatley, Han,& Soma, 2004; Nemoto, Operario, Keatley, Villegas, 2004). Further, economic deprivation may preclude transgendered women from medical care thereby necessitating they obtain injections of silicone and hormones from street vendors (Wiessing, van Roosmalen, Koedijk, Bielman, & Houweling, 1999). Lack of condom use during sex work combined with potential exposure to HIV from contaminated needles/syringes magnify HIV risk for this population.